PINDA TAILAM IS PREPARED IN 3 WAYS

"Sa madhoochishta sa Manjishta Sa sarjarasa Sariba

Pindatailam tadabhyangad Vatharaktha ruchapaham"

The major ingredients of this oil are Rubia cordifolia, sesame oil, bee wax, Hemidesmus indicus, and Rhododendron lepidotum.

It is prepared from the Indian plants Manjishta and Shariba, and is highly therapeutic, as it contains pitta reducing herbs. While Manjistha is known to possess anti-rheumatic properties, Shariba is a perfect body relaxant.

HOW PREPARE PINDA THAILAM

Do you know the preparation of pindathailam?........Yes.

Take tila thailam in a pan and add four times of water (as drava) and a quarter of Manjishta & Sariba (as Kalka). Then boil till 'Khara paaka'. When the paaka attains, sieve it through a net to a vessel. Add Sarjarasa (as powder form) & Bee wax (as pieces) as 'paathra paaka'.

Pinda Thailam (also known as Pinda oil) is a cooling massage oil, and mostly used by Pitta individuals, who particularly suffer from skin problems like rashes and eruptions.

OTHER PREPARATORY METHODS

1

According to some ayurveda classical texts like 'Sahasra Yoga', a kashaya should prepare by Sariba as drava, Manjishta is used as kalka, Sarjarasa and Bee wax are used as paathra paaka.

This method was followed by some ancient Vaidyas in Kerala.

2

Another method as follows is used by some manufacturing units of ayurveda medicines in Kerala. And is available in some Government Dispensaries in Kerala. The method is shown below

Taila:  Tila thailam (3/4 th part) + Eranda thailam (1/4 th part)

Drava:  Dhanyamlam + Water

Kalkam: Manjistha + Sariba + Bee wax + Sarjarasam

No one know the reference of this preparation method. I asked this to the Charge doctor in Quality Control department of the firm, then she replied me that; "Every firm have its own formulary, and in this firm this method used".

Here Sarjarasa and bee wax is added to the pan when the thailam get its khara paakam.

VIPAKA

Vipaka

Vipaka is the rasa originated from a food after digestion. When we eat or drink a substance it comes in the contact with jathar Agni (digestive fire). If the jatharagni is in its normal state it is able to digest (pachan) the substance eaten. During this digestion the food undergoes many bio transformational changes. In this process of paak (physiological condition of digestion) due to different degrees of digestion, the transformation of rasa takes place. This changing of rasa of the substance into a certain similar or dissimilar rasa is called vipaka. After completion of digestion, the substance or the food ingested would produce certain action by which we can know the process under which the substance has undergone. Hence vipaka is judged by anumana (inference made after observation). The effects of vipaka commences after the full digestion is completed. These vipaka are of there types.

1. Madhur vipaka
2. Aamla vipaka
3. Katu vipaka

"Swaadu paduscha madhuram amlo amlam pchyathe rasa:

tikthoshana kashayascha vipaka: prayasa: kadu"

Madhura and Lavana - Madhura

Amlam - Amlam

Tiktham,Kadu and Kashaya - Kadu

LBA in Ayurveda

LUMBAR SPONDYLOSIS

DEFINITION- IT’S A DEGENERATIVE JOINT DISEASE AFFECTING LUMBAR VERTEBRAE AND INTERVERTEBRAL DISCS, CAUSING PAIN, STIFFNESS , SOMETIMES WITH SCIATIC RADIATION DUE TO NERVE ROOT PRESSURE BY ASSOCIATED PROTRUDING DISCS OR OSTEOPHYTES- DORLAND’S DICTIONARY

CLINICAL FEATURES OF LUMBAR SPONDYLOSIS

1. LOW BACK ACHE
2. PAIN RADIATING TO BACK OF THIGH, BUTTOCKS.
MAY BE SUPER IMPOSED WITH SCIATICA BECAUSE OF ROOT COMPRESSION.
3. NUMBNESS OF LIMBS.
4. LOSS OF TOUCH SENSATION.
5. CONSTIPATION
6. SOMETIMES HEADACHE
7. MUSCLE WEAKNESS, TINGLING
8. MORNING STIFFNESS MAY BE PRESENT
9. PAIN INCREASES BY CHANGING POSTURES AND MOVEMENTS LIKE BENDING ETC

INVESTIGATIONS & DIAGNOSTIC MEASURES

1. RADIOLOGICAL- X-RAY
2. MRI, CT IMAGING
3. DISCOGRAPHY

AYURVEDIC CONCEPT

KATI OR LUMBAR REGION IS VATA SITE ACC TO AYURVEDA’
AT THE SAME TIME JOINTS ARE SITE OF SLESHAKA SLESHMA(KAPHA).
BECAUSE OF NIDANAS( CAUSES) VATHA AGGRAVATION OCURS IN KAPHA STHANAM AND BECAUSE OF THE INCREASE IN RUKSHA GUNA(QUALITY OF DRYNESS) , THE DEHYDRATION OF THE DISC BEGINS, INITIATING THE SCLEROSIS AND WHEN UNINTERVENED THE CONDITION PROGRESSES TO OTHER LEVELS, SUCH AS BULGING, HERNIATION, PROLAPSE AND OSTEOPHYTE FORMATION ETC.

TREATMENT PRINCIPLE

THE AIM OF THE TREATMENT IS TO REDUCE THE DRYNESS AND BRING BACK THE SNEHA GUNA, ELASTICITY AND TO REHYDRATE THE DISC , REMOVING THE OSTEOPHYTES, OR THE MALA ROOPA KAPHA.
IN SIMPLE TERMS , VATA HARAM AND KAPHA HARAM IN INITIAL STAGES AND BRMHANAM IN LATER STAGES TO NOURISH THE DISC.
ITS IMPORTANT TO MAINTAIN AGNI, IN THE PROCESS OF VATA HARAM , KAPHAM SHOULD NOT BE VITIATED. PROPER VATHA ANULOMANAM HAS TO BE ENSURED FOR EFFECTIVE RESULT.

MANAGEMENT

AUSHADAM- MEDICINAL MANAGEMENT
STHANIKA CHIKITSA- LOCAL MEASURES
1.ABHYANGAM-MASSAGE
2.KATI VASTHI- SNEHANAM
3. PATRA POTALI- SWEDANAM

PANCHA KARMA PROCEDURES

1.SNEHA VASTI
2.KASHAYA VASTHI
DIET AND YOGA ASANAS, PHYSICAL THERAPY, LIFE STYLE MODIFICATIONS.

AUSHADHAM- MEDICINES

MAHAYOGA RAJA GUGGULU
LAKSHADI GUGGULU
ABHA GUGGULU
YOGA RAJA GUGGULU
TRAYODASANGA GUGGULU
MAHA RASNADHI KASHAYAM
RASNA SAPTHAKAM KASHAYAM
RASNA ERANDADI KASHAYAM
RASNADI KASHAYAM
DHANWANTHARAM KASHAYAM
ASHTA VARGAM KASHAYAM
VIDARYADI KASHAYAM
BALA ARISHTAM
ASHWA GANDHARISHTAM
VATA GAJANKUSA RASA
VAYU GULIKA
LASHUNA KSHEERA
PRAVALA PISHTI
KSHEERABALA 101
DHANWANTHARAM 101
GANDHA THAILAM 

STHANIKA CHIKITSA

ABHYANGA
USUALLY CARRIED OUT AFTER KATI VASTI PROCEDURE, CAN ALSO BE DONE SEPARATELY TOO.
SPECIAL TYPE OF SPINAL MASSAGE HAS TO BE DONE WITH SPECIAL EMPHASIS ON THE LOWER BACK.
ZIG ZAG STROKES, PARALLEL STROKES AND OTHER SPECIAL SPINAL STROKES WITH PROPER PRESSURE( TOO MUCH OF PRESSURE IS HARMFUL!) FOR A PERIOD OF 25 TO 30 MINUTES 

OILS USED

SAHACHARADI THAILAM
KARPASA ASTHYADI
BALA THAILAM
DHANWANTHARAM
NARAYANA
MAHA MASHA THAILAM
KOTTANCHUKKADI
KSHEERA BALA
KARPURADI
GANDHA THAILAM
KATI VASTHI 

REQUIREMENTS

MASHA PISHTA ( BLACK GRAM FLOUR)
MEDICATED THAILA
COTTON, VESSELS, AND OIL HEATING ACCESSORIES
DHARA TABLE.
PROCEDURE

PATIENT IS MADE TO LIE IN PRONE POSITION.
PISHTA OF MASHA IS MADE IN TO PASTE AND BUILT LIKE A WALL AROUND LUMBO SACRAL AREA.
OIL IS HEATED AND POURED SLOWLY INSIDE THE BOUNDARY WITH THE HELP OF COTTON.
WHEN OIL BECOMES COOL IT IS REPLACED WITH WARM OIL.
CONTINUED FOR A PERIOD OF TIME. APPROX- 30 TO 50 MINS, FOR 7 DAYS OR 14 DAYS.
AFTER THE DURATION , THE OIL IS DRAINED AND FLOUR IS REMOVED
ABHYANGAM OF THE BACK IS GIVEN USING SAME OIL.
ALWAYS SNEHANA MUST BE FOLLOWED WITH SWEDANA PROCEDURE

PATRA POTALI OR ELA KIZHI

A TYPE OF PINDA SWEDAM. WHICH COMES UNDER USHMA SWEDA.

MATERIALS REQUIRED

LEAVES OF VATA HARA LIKE ERANDA ,ARKA , CHINCHA,NIRGUNDI, SHIGRU, KARANJA DHATURA VATHAGNI SINDUVARA -500 gm
CHOORNA OF SATAHVA AND METHIKA-25gm EACH
SAINDHAVA-15gm
LEMON -4 NOS
NIMBA OR SAINDHAVA THAILA OR ERANDA THAILA (REQD QTY)
CLOTH
TWINE TOWEL. VESSEL, FRYING PAN, SPOON, STOVE
RASNADI CHOORNAM
MEDICATED OIL 

PATARA KIZHI PROCEDURE

ALL THE LEAVES ARE CUT IN TO SMALL PIECES, AND SLICES OF LEMON, CHURNAS, SAINDHAVA ARE ADDED AND FRIED IN THE CASTOR OR NEEM OR COCONUT OIL , TILL IT BECOMES ROASTED RED.
THEN THEY ARE MADE IN TO POTALI(USUALLY 4 IN NO)
AFTER ABHYANGA, THE POTALI IS APPLIED OVER THE BODY BY DIPPING IT IN TO THE HEATED OIL.
CIRCULAR MOVEMENTS ARE DONE.
PROCEDURE DONE FOR A PERIOD OF 25-45 MINS

VASTI PRAYOGAM

SNEHA VASTI
MATRA VASTI- MINIMUM DOSE OF SNEHA VASTI ( APP 60-75 ML)
ANUVASANA VASTI.(APP 150 ML)
SNEHA VASTI(250-300 ML)
KSHEERA VASTI CAN BE ADVOCATED.
KARMA VASTI, KALA VASTI, YOGA VASTI- 30, 15 , 8 DAYS OF VASTI ALTERNATELY KASHAYA AND SNEHA VASTHI. KALA VASTI IS IN PRACTICE. 

OIL USED FOR SNEHA VASTI

TILA TAILAM
GUGGULU TIKTAKA GHRTHAM
MAHANARAYANA TAILAM
MAHAMASHADI TAILAM
SUDDHA BALATAILAM
KSHEERABALA
SATAHVADI TAILAM
SUKUMARA GHRTAM
LAKSHADI TAILAM
SAHACHARADI TAILAM
DHANWANTHARAM
GANDHARVA HASTADI
KASHAYA VASTI
DHANWANTHARAM
GANDHARVA HASTADI
SAHACHARADI
ERANDA MOOLA
ASTHAPANA GANA
DASAMOOLA
SATAHVADI

DENGUE

FACT SHEET ON DENGUE FEVER AND DENGUE HAEMORRHAGIC FEVER

GENERAL

Dengue is an acute fever caused by a virus. It occurs in two forms:

(a) Dengue Fever

(b) Dengue Haemorrhagic Fever

Dengue fever is marked by the onset of sudden high fever, severe

headache and pain behind the eyes, muscles and joints.

Dengue Haemorrhagic fever (DHF) is a more severe form, in which

bleeding and sometimes shock occurs  – leading to death. It is most serious in

children. Symptoms of bleeding usually occur after 3-5 days of fever.

The high fever continues for five to six days (103 – 105 ^oF or 39- 40 ^oC). It

comes down on the third or the fourth day but rises again. The patient feels much

discomfort and is very weak after the illness.

Dengue spreads rapidly and may affect large number of people during an

epidemic resulting in reduced work productivity, sometimes death also.

RECOGNITION OF DENGUE FEVER

· Sudden onset of high fever

· Severe headache (mostly in the forehead)

· Pain behind the eyes which worsens with eye movement

· Body aches and joint pains

· Nausea or vomiting

RECOGNITION OF DENGUE HAEMORRHAGIC FEVER AND SHOCK

Symptoms similar to dengue fever plus, any one of the following:

(1) Severe and continuous pain in abdomen;

(2) Bleeding from the nose, mouth and gums or skin bruising

(3) Frequent vomiting with or without blood

(4) Black stools, like coal tar

(5) Excessive thirst (dry mouth)

(6) Pale, cold skin

(7) Restlessness, or sleeplessness

TREATMENT

There is no specific medicine for the treatment of the disease. However

proper and early treatment can relieve the symptoms and prevent complications

and death. 

Aspirin and Brufen should be avoided in dengue fever, as it is known to increase the bleeding tendency and also it increases the stomach pain.

Paracetamol can be given on medical advice.  If one or more signs of

Dengue Haemorrhagic fever are seen, take the patient to the hospital

immediately. Give fluids to drink while transferring the patient to the

hospital.

BASIC FACTS ON DENGUE

(a) How dengue spreads?

Dengue is spread by  the bite of an infected mosquito Aedes aegypti. The mosquito gets the virus by biting the infected persons. The first symptoms of the

disease occur about 5-7 days after an infected bite.

There is no way to tell if a mosquito is carrying the dengue virus.

Therefore, people must protect themselves from all mosquito bites.

(b) Where does the mosquito live?

The mosquito rests indoors, in closets and other dark places. Outside, they rest where it is cool and shaded. The female mosquito lays eggs in water containers in and around homes, schools and other areas in towns or

villages. These eggs become adult in about 10 days.

(c) Where does the mosquito breed?

Dengue mosquitoes breed in stored exposed water collections.


FAVOURED BREEDING PLACES ARE:

Barrels, drums, jars, pots, buckets, flower vases, plant saucers, tanks,

discarded bottles, tins, tyres, water cooler, etc. and a lot more places where rainwater collects or is stored.

PREVENTION OF DENGUE

All efforts of control should be directed against the mosquitoes. It is important to take control measures to eliminate the mosquitoes and their breeding places. However, the efforts should be intensified before the transmission season (during and after the rainy season) and at the time of the epidemic.

PREVENT MOSQUITO BITES:

Dengue mosquitoes bite during the daytime. Protect yourself from the bite.

(1) Wear full sleeve clothes and long dresses to cover the limbs;

(2) Repellent  – mosquito repellents can be used to escape from its bite. But care should be taken in using repellents on small children and old age people.

(3) Use mosquito coils and electric vapour mats during the daytime.

(4) Use mosquito nets – to protect babies, old people and others.

(5) Protection and isolate the people sick with dengue to prevent its spread to others.

PREVENTION OF MULTIPLICATION OF MOSQUITOES:

Drain water from coolers, tanks, barrels, drums and buckets, etc.

Remove water from refrigerator drip pans.

All stored water containers should be kept covered.

Discard solid waste and objects where water collects (Eg: bottles,tins,tyres,etc.)

ALWAYS REMEMBER

Dengue fever is a severe flu like illness rarely causes death but Dengue haemorrhagic fever (DHF) is a more severe form, in which bleeding and occasionally shock occur, leading to death.

Persons suspected of having dengue fever or DHF must see a doctor. Dengue haemorrhagic fever is a deadly disease and early recognition and treatment can save lives. Unless proper treatment is given

promptly, the patient may go into shock and die.

Dengue mosquitoes bite during the day.

Doctors and health workers treating cases of dengue fever should also

notify the health authorities.

Ref: Article by WHO.

AASYAPAAKAM and its Treatment

Stomatitis is an inflammation of the mucous lining of any of the parts of the mouth, including the cheeks, gums, tongue, lips, and roof or floor of the mouth. The word "stomatitis" literally means "inflammation of the mouth." This inflammation can be caused by conditions in the mouth itself, such as poor oral hygiene, poorly fitted dentures, mouth burns from hot food or drinks, or by conditions that affect the entire body, such as medications, allergic reactions, or infections.

Stomatitis is usually a painful condition, with redness, swelling, bleeding,or bad breath. Stomatitis affects all age groups, from the infant to the elderly.

A number of factors can cause stomatitis. Poorly fitted oral appliances, cheek biting, or jagged teeth can irritate the mouth. Chronic breathing through the mouth becuase of clogged nasal passages can dry the mouth, which can leadto irritation. 

Diseases such as cold sores, gonorrhea, measles, AIDS, and lack of vitamin C can cause stomatitis.

Canker sores are a specific type of stomatitis that causes shallow, painful ulcers usually located on the lips, cheeks, gums, or roof or floor of the mouth. These ulcers can range from pinpoint size to up to an inch or more. Though the cause of canker sores is unknown, nutritional deficiencies (especially vitamin B₁₂, folate, or iron) is suspected.

Generalized stomatitis can be caused by too much alcohol, spices, hot food, or tobacco products. Sensitivity to mouthwashes, toothpastes, and lipstick canirritate the lining of the mouth. Exposure to heavy metals, such as mercury,lead, or bismuth can cause stomatitis. 

Thrush (a type of fungal infection) is also a type of stomatitis.

It can be hard to diagnose stomatitis. A doctor will conduct a physical examination to evaluate the oral lesions and other skin problems. Blood tests or scrapings of the lining of the mouth may be evaluated in a culture or under amicroscope to identify any infections.

Treatments of AASYAPAAKAM

1) Triphala Choorna- for Gargling (Act as disinfectant)

2) Arimedadi tailam- for mouth wash (Will regain the strength if the gum)

3) Anuthailam- for nasya

4) Laxation or Purgation-to remove the indigested bowel (AMAM)

5) Appetizers like Ashtachoornam, Vaiswanara choornam, etc
6) Kashaya like Gandharva Hasthadi, Punarnavadi, Manjishtadi, etc(Ama pachana +Vathanulomana)

Rejuvenation in Ayurveda

Rasayana is the method of disease prevention and life extension in Ayurveda, to strengthen the body and mind after the doshas have been eliminated or balanced. Although it can be used during the treatment of a disease, the best results are obtained when the body has been purified of ama (wastes), and the patient has undergone either shamana chikitsa (balancing therapy) or pancha karma (purification).

Vata Rasayana
Ashwagandha root 3 parts 
Shatavari root 3 parts 
Brahmi herb 2 parts 
Gokshura root 2 parts 
Bala root 2 parts 
Jatamamsi root 2 parts 
Licorice root 1 part 

Rx: 3-5 g of the powdered herb, taken with honey and ghee, twice daily

Pitta Rasayana 
Amalaki fruit 3 parts 
Shatavari root 3 parts 
Gotu Kola herb 3 parts 
Bhringaraj herb 2 parts 
Guduchi vine 2 parts 
Sandalwood bark 1 part 
Licorice root 1 part 

Rx: 3-5 g of the powdered herb, taken with ghee, twice daily

Kapha Rasayana 
Bibhitaki fruit 3 parts 
Guduchi vine 3 parts 
Guggulu resin 2 parts 
Arjuna bark 2 parts 
Fenugreek seed 2 parts 
Cardamom seed 1 part 
Black Pepper fruit 1 part 

Rx: 3-5 g of the powdered herb, taken with honey, twice daily 

Pancha maha bhoota theory

These five elements are:

or Akasha 
Air or Vayu 
Fire or Tejas 
Water or Apa 
Earth or Prithvi

Likewise other elements too were intended by the ancient vaidyas (physicians) to communicate the essential universal principle inherent in a particular element. By fire we mean the universal force in nature that produces heat and radiates light; it is our passion to pursue despite obstacles and delays; it is what burns away the cloak of ignorance (avidya) and allows the Truth to shine with brilliance. Fire removes doubt from the mother-substance of human heart and replaces it with joy. Air is that transparent, rarefied, kinetic force which sets the universe in motion; it moves the blood through the vessels, wastes from the body, thoughts through the mind; it moves the birds to warmer climates in winter, it moves the planets around their suns. Space is the subtlest of all elements which is everywhere and touches everything; in the mind it is the vessel which receives all impressions, in the heart space accepts love; space is receptivity and non-resistance to what is true.

Within a single living cell the earth element predominates by giving structure to the cell. The water element is present in the cytoplasm or the liquid within the cell membrane. The fire element regulates the metabolic processes regulating the cell. While the air element predominates the gases therein. The space occupied by the cell denoting the last of the elements.

How to improve your Brain

How to improve your Brain

Everyone can take steps to improve their memory, and with time and practice most people can gain the ability to memorize seemingly impossible amounts of information. Whether you want to win the World Memory Championships, ace your history test, or simply remember where you put your keys, this article can get you started. Scientists believe that exercising your brain can create a cognitive reserve' that will help you stay sharp as you age.







1. Convince yourself that you do have a good memory that will improve. Too many people get stuck here and convince themselves that their memory is bad, that they are just not good with names, that numbers just slip out of their minds for some reason. Erase those thoughts and vow to improve your memory. Commit yourself to the task and bask in your achievements — it's hard to keep motivated if you beat yourself down every time you make a little bit of progress.






2. Keep your brain active. The brain is not a muscle, but regularly exercising the brain actually does keep it growing and spurs the development of new nerve connections that can help improve memory. By developing new mental skills—especially complex ones such as learning a new language or learning to play a new musical instrument—and challenging your brain with puzzles and games you can keep your brain active and improve its physiological functioning.






3. Exercise daily. Regular aerobic exercise improves circulation and efficiency throughout the body, including in the brain, and can help ward off the memory loss that comes with aging. Exercise also makes you more alert and relaxed, and can thereby improve your memory uptake, allowing you to take better mental pictures.






4. Reduce stress. Chronic stress, although it does not physically damage the brain, can make remembering much more difficult. Even temporary stresses can make it more difficult to effectively focus on concepts and observe things. Try to relax, regularly practice yoga or other stretching exercises, and see a doctor if you have severe chronic stress.






5. Eat well and eat right. There are a lot of herbal supplements on the market that claim to improve memory, but none have yet been shown to be effective in clinical tests (although small studies have shown some promising results for ginkgo biloba and phosphatidylserine) . A healthy diet, however, contributes to a healthy brain, and foods containing antioxidants— broccoli, blueberries, spinach, and berries, for example—and Omega-3 fatty acids appear to promote healthy brain functioning. Feed your brain with such supplements as Thiamine, Vitamin E, Niacin and Vitamin B-6. Grazing, eating 5 or 6 small meals throughout the day instead of 3 large meals, also seems to improve mental functioning (including memory) by limiting dips in blood sugar, which may negatively affect the brain.






6. Take better pictures. Often we forget things not because our memory is bad, but rather because our observational skills need work. One common situation where this occurs (and which almost everyone can relate to) is meeting new people. Often we don't really learn people's names at first because we aren't really concentrating on remembering them. You'll find that if you make a conscious effort to remember such things, you'll do much better. One way to train yourself to be more observant is to look at an unfamiliar photograph for a few seconds and then turn the photograph over and describe or write down as many details as you can about the photograph. Try closing your eyes and picturing the photo in your mind. Use a new photograph each time you try this exercise, and with regular practice you will find you're able to remember more details with even shorter glimpses of the photos.






7. Give yourself time to form a memory. Memories are very fragile in the short-term, and distractions can make you quickly forget something as simple as a phone number. The key to avoid losing memories before you can even form them is to be able to focus on the thing to be remembered for a while without thinking about other things, so when you're trying to remember something, avoid distractions and complicated tasks for a few minutes.
 

 
8. Create vivid, memorable images. You remember information more easily if you can visualize it. If you want to associate a child with a book, try not to visualize the child reading the book that's too simple and forgettable. Instead, come up with something more jarring, something that sticks, like the book chasing the child, or the child eating the book. It's your mind make the images as shocking and emotional as possible to keep the associations strong.







9. Repeat things you need to learn. The more times you hear, see, or think about something, the more surely you'll remember it, right? It's a no-brainer. When you want to remember something, be it your new coworker's name or your best friend's birthday, repeat it, either out loud or silently. Try writing it down; think about it.






10. Group things you need to remember. Random lists of things (a shopping list, for example) can be especially difficult to remember. To make it easier, try categorizing the individual things from the list. If you can remember that, among other things, you wanted to buy four different kinds of vegetables, you'll find it easier to remember all four.
 
 

11. Organize your life. Keep items that you frequently need, such as keys and eyeglasses, in the same place every time. Use an electronic organizer or daily planner to keep track of appointments, due dates for bills, and other tasks. Keep phone numbers and addresses in an address book or enter them into your computer or cell phone. Improved organization can help free up your powers of concentration so that you can remember less routine things. Even if being organized doesn't improve your memory, you'll receive a lot of the same benefits (i.e. you won't have to search for your keys anymore).







12. Try meditation. Research now suggests that people who regularly practice “mindfulness� meditation are able to focus better and may have better memories. Mindfulness (also known as awareness or insight meditation) is the type commonly practiced in Western countries and is easy to learn. Studies at Massachusetts General Hospital show that regular meditation thickens the cerebral cortex in the brain by increasing the blood flow to that region. Some researchers believe this can enhance attention span, focus, and memory.






13. Sleep well. The amount of sleep we get affects the brain's ability to recall recently learned information. Getting a good night's sleep a minimum of seven hours a night may improve your short-term memory and long-term relational memory, according to recent studies conducted at the Harvard Medical School.






14. Build your memorization arsenal. Learn pegs, memory palaces, and the Dominic System. These techniques form the foundation for mnemonic techniques, and will visibly improve your memory.






15. Venture out and learn from your mistakes. Go ahead and take a stab at memorizing the first one hundred digits of pi, or, if you've done that already, the first one thousand. Memorize the monarchs of England through your memory palaces, or your grocery list through visualization. Through diligent effort you will eventually master the art of memorization.

stress

What is Stress?




Stress is a state of mental or emotional strain. In medical parlance, stress is defined as an organism's total response to environmental demands or pressures.






It results from interactions between persons and their environment that are perceived as straining or exceeding their adaptive capacities and threatening their well-being.






When faced with a demanding situation, the brain readies the body for defensive action – fight or flight response. Stress hormones, namely, cortisone and adrenaline are released that raise the blood pressure, elevate glucose levels in the blood and redistribute blood from the digestive tract to the muscles, thereby preparing the body to react to a situation

TREATMENTS OF BREAST CA

Prevention is better than cure, it holds true for breast cancer. However there are methods to cure breast cancer, though great deal of time and money is involved in these treatments. There are four basic types of treatments that are used to cure breast treatments.


Surgery

Most of the cancer patients go through the surgery to remove the cancer cells. Cancer is developed in the lymph nodes, to verify the presence of cancer these cells are taken out and viewed under microscope. Breast conserving surgery is done to remove only the tissues that contain the cancer. There are two basic types of breast conserving surgeries. Lumpectomy, involves removing tumor and small tissues attached with it , therefore conserving the rest of the breast. Partial mastectomy involves removing the part of the breast having the tumor. This depends on the growth of the tumor and it location in the breasts.


However there are surgeries where whole breast is removed to prevent its growth to the rest part of the body. This surgery is termed as whole mastectomy. Even after the surgery patients are often given radiation therapy, hormone therapy or chemotherapy to kill the remaining cancer cells.


Radiation therapy

Radiation therapy makes use of strong x-rays or other radiations to kill the cancer cells. Type of radiation therapy is selected depending on the type and stage of the breast cancer. Normally two kinds of therapies are used, internal therapy and external therapy. In internal therapy, a radioactive substance is brought near the cancer, with the help of wire, catchers and seeds. However in case of external therapy, a machine placed outside the body of the patient is used to direct the radiation towards her breasts.


Chemotherapy


Drugs are used in chemotherapy to stop the growth of the cancer and to kill the cancer cells. This drug is either taken in form of medicine or injected into the blood directly or the muscle. The drugs move in the bloodstream to reach the cancer cells. Types of chemotherapy depend on the stage and type of the cancer. Chemotherapy can be placed in the part of the body directly where the cancer is present.

BREAST CANCER

Breast cancer can occur at any age. However, it is more common in women between the ages of 40 and 50. It is suggested to start being tested in your mid 30's, but if you have a family history of cancer you should start in your early 30's.




Breast cancer doesn't occur in one single part of the breast, it can begin in different areas of the breast including:

• the ducts

• the lobules

• the tissue in between

There are many types of breast cancer, but two are more common in most women. They generally are named after the parts in the breast in which they start occurring. The first is ductal carcinoma and the second is lobular carcinoma. Those two are the most common types, and they appear in the breast’s milk ducts or the milk-producing glands.

In situ breast cancer or a noninvasive breast cancer is a type which the cells have remained within the place of the origin and have no spread around the breast tissue. Ductal carcinoma is a common type of noninvasive breast cancer as it keeps confined within the lining of the milk ducts


Invasive breast cancers are ones which spread outside the membranes which line the lobule, or the ducts, and start to invade the surrounding areas. They travel to other parts in the body which are more commonly known as lymph nodes. Invasive ductal carcinoma consists of nearly 70% of breast cancers. The lining of the milk ducts eventually get thin and break; the cancer spreads through the wall and starts to apply itself to the breast tissue.

The cells may keep near the site of origin, but they still spread through out the body by using a woman’s blood stream. Invasive lobular carcinoma is less common but it invades in a similar way as it starts in the milk producing lobules then starts to break into the surrounding tissue, but they can also have the same type of spreading on different parts of a woman’s body. This type of cancer does not necessarily provide lumps, but thickens an area in general. The most aggressive types of breast cancer is inflammatory as it starts form sheets and nests instead of lumps underneath the soft tissues of the breast. It can easily be treated with chemotherapy and with some surgery later on. If caught early it is manageable and the survival rates are increasing.

The least common type of cancer is the cancer of the nipple, which is called Paget’s disease. It starts to look like a skin rash or rough skin around the nipple, which some people may consider as eczema, but those are just the minor signs of cancer being under the surface of the skin. The best way to treat this type of cancer is mastectomy, since it is around the nipple and milk ducts.


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HELMINTHIASIS

Helminthiasis is infestation with one or more intestinal parasitic worms (roundworms (Ascaris lumbricoides), whipworms (Trichuris trichiura), or hookworms (Necator americanus and Ancylostoma duodenale)).

Infected people excrete helminth eggs in their faeces, which then contaminate the soil in areas with inadequate sanitation. Other people can then be infected by ingesting eggs or larvae in contaminated food, or through penetration of the skin by infective larvae in the soil (hookworms).

Infestation can cause morbidity, and sometimes death, by compromising nutritional status, affecting cognitive processes, inducing tissue reactions, such as granuloma, and provoking intestinal obstruction or rectal prolapse. Control of helminthiasis is based on drug treatment, improved sanitation and health education.




RELATED SITES
- Soil-transmitted helminths - Partners for Parasite Control - Control of Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTD)
PUBLICATIONS
- Information resources: intestinal worms
RELATED LINKS
- WHO Global Databank on schistosomiasis and soil-transmitted helminths

HELMINTHIASIS

Helminthiasis is infestation with one or more intestinal parasitic worms (roundworms (Ascaris lumbricoides), whipworms (Trichuris trichiura), or hookworms (Necator americanus and Ancylostoma duodenale)).

Infected people excrete helminth eggs in their faeces, which then contaminate the soil in areas with inadequate sanitation. Other people can then be infected by ingesting eggs or larvae in contaminated food, or through penetration of the skin by infective larvae in the soil (hookworms).

Infestation can cause morbidity, and sometimes death, by compromising nutritional status, affecting cognitive processes, inducing tissue reactions, such as granuloma, and provoking intestinal obstruction or rectal prolapse. Control of helminthiasis is based on drug treatment, improved sanitation and health education.





related links
- WHO Global Databank on schistosomiasis and soil-transmitted helminths
- Soil-transmitted helminths
- Partners for Parasite Control
- Control of Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTD)

PSORIASIS

What is psoriasis?

Psoriasis is a noncontagious common skin condition that causes rapid skin cell reproduction resulting in red, dry patches of thickened skin. The dry flakes and skin scales are thought to result from the rapid buildup of skin cells. Psoriasis commonly affects the skin of the elbows, knees, and scalp.

Some people have such mild psoriasis (small, faint dry skin patches) that they may not even suspect that they have a medical skin condition. Others have very severe psoriasis where virtually their entire body is fully covered with thick, red, scaly skin.

Psoriasis is considered a non-curable, long-term (chronic) skin condition. It has a variable course, periodically improving and worsening. Sometimes psoriasis may clear for years and stay in remission. Some people have worsening of their symptoms in the colder winter months. Many people report improvement in warmer months, climates, or with increased sunlight exposure.

Psoriasis is seen worldwide, in all races, and both sexes. Although psoriasis can be seen in people of any age, from babies to seniors, most commonly patients are first diagnosed in their early adult years.

Patients with more severe psoriasis may have social embarrassment, job stress, emotional distress, and other personal issues because of the appearance of their skin.

What causes psoriasis?

The exact cause remains unknown. There may be a combination of factors, including genetic predisposition and environmental factors. It is common for psoriasis to be found in members of the same family. The immune system is thought to play a major role. Despite research over the past 30 years looking at many triggers, the "master switch" that turns on psoriasis is still a mystery.

Psoriasis is not contagious. You cannot get psoriasis from touching someone who has psoriasis, swimming in the same pool, or even intimate contact. Psoriasis is much more complex.

So complex, in fact, scientists are still studying what happens when psoriasis develops. We know that the person’s immune system and genes play key roles. In studying the immune system, scientists discovered that when a person has psoriasis, the T cells (a type of white blood cell that fights unwanted invaders such as bacteria and viruses) mistakenly trigger a reaction in the skin cells. This is why you may hear psoriasis referred to as a “T cell-mediated disease.”

This reaction activates a series of events, causing new skin cells to form in days rather than weeks. The reason T cells trigger this reaction seems to lie in our DNA. People who develop psoriasis inherit genes that cause psoriasis. Unlike some autoimmune conditions, it appears that many genes are involved in psoriasis.

Scientists are still trying to identify all of the genes involved. One of the genes that has been identified is called PSORS1 (SORE-ESS-1). This is one of several genes that regulates how the immune system fights infection.

Scientists also have learned that not everyone who inherits genes for psoriasis gets psoriasis. For psoriasis to appear, it seems that a person must inherit the “right” mix of genes and be exposed to a trigger. Some common triggers are a stressful life event, skin injury, and having strep throat. Many people say that that their psoriasis first appeared after experiencing one of these. Triggers are not universal. What triggers psoriasis in one person may not cause psoriasis to develop in another.

Who gets psoriasis?

People worldwide develop psoriasis. In the United States, nearly 7 million people have psoriasis and about 150,000 new cases are diagnosed each year. Studies indicate that psoriasis develops about equally in males and females. Research also shows that Caucasians develop psoriasis more frequently than other races. A study conducted in the United States found the prevalence was 2.5% in Caucasians and 1.3% in African Americans.

A family history of psoriasis seems to increase the risk of developing psoriasis. It is important to know that a family history of psoriasis does not guarantee that someone will develop psoriasis.

When do people get psoriasis?
Psoriasis can begin at any age, from infancy through the golden years. There are, however, times when psoriasis is most likely to develop. Most people first see psoriasis between 15 and 30 years of age. About 75% develop psoriasis before they turn 40. Another common time for psoriasis to begin is between 50 and 60 years of age.

Does psoriasis affect quality of life?

For some people, psoriasis is a nuisance. Others find that psoriasis affects every aspect of their daily life. The unpredictable nature of psoriasis may be the reason. Psoriasis is a chronic (lifelong) medical condition. Some people have frequent flare-ups that occur weekly or monthly. Others have occasional flare-ups.

When psoriasis flares, it can cause severe itching and pain. Sometimes the skin cracks and bleeds. When trying to sleep, cracking and bleeding skin can wake a person frequently and cause sleep deprivation. A lack of sleep can make it difficult to focus at school or work. Sometimes a flare-up requires a visit to a dermatologist for additional treatment. Time must be taken from school or work to visit the doctor and get treatment.

These cycles of flare-ups and remissions often lead to feelings of sadness, despair, guilt and anger as well as low self-esteem. Depression is higher in people who have psoriasis than in the general population. Feelings of embarrassment also are common.

Knowledge is power

As psoriasis is a life-long condition, it is important to take an active role in managing it. Learning more about psoriasis, seeing a dermatologist to discuss treatment options, and developing a healthy lifestyle can help people live life to the fullest.




References:
Callis Duffin K, Wong B, Horn EJ et al. “Psoriatic arthritis is a strong predictor of sleep interference in patients with psoriasis.” Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology 2009; 60: 604-8.

Gelfand JM, Stern RS, Nijsten T et al. “The prevalence of psoriasis in African Americans: results from a population-based study.” Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology 2005; 52: 23-6.

Gudjonsson JE and Elder JT. “Psoriasis.” In: Wolff, K, Goldsmith LA, Katz SI, et al. (editors) Fitzpatrick’s Dermatology in General Medicine. 7th ed. New York: McGraw Hill Medical; 2008. p. 169-93.

Nair RP, Stuart PE, Nistor I et al. “Sequence and haplotype analysis supports HLA-C as the psoriasis susceptibility 1 gene.” American Journal of Human Genetics 2006; 78: 827-51.

DANDRUFF

Dandruff affects the scalp and causes flakes of skin to appear - it is a common condition. Our skin cells are forever renewing themselves. When the skin cells on our scalp are renewed the old ones are pushed to the surface and out of the scalp. For a person with dandruff the renewal is faster, meaning more dead skin is shed, making the dandruff more noticeable. Dandruff can also occur if the scalp is frequently exposed to extreme temperatures. Dandruff is also known as scurf - its medical term is Pityriasis capitis.The word dandruff comes from (most likely) dand (origin unknown) and E. Anglian (England) dialect huff, hurf, meaning "scab". This is probably linked to the Old Norse word hrufa, meaning "scab". The Old High German word hruf means "scurf". According to Medilexicon's medical dictionary, dandruff is "The presence, in varying amounts, of white or gray scales in the hair of the scalp, due to excessive or normal branny exfoliation of the epidermis."

Seborrheic dermatitis

This is a skin condition in which the skin becomes inflamed or flaky. Seborrheic dermatitis of the scalp is a severe form of dandruff. When it affects the scalp most people refer to it as dandruff. When babies have it, it is referred to as cradle cap. Seborrheic dermatitis causes larger, greasier flakes than most other types of dandruff. Seborrheic dermatitis affects not only the scalp, but the skin in other parts of the body too.

What are the signs and symptoms of dandruff?

There are while flakes of skin on the scalp, and in the person's hair
Flakes may be oily looking
Head may feel tight and itchy
Head may feel tingly
Head may feel sore
Red, flaky, greasy patches of skin (adults, Seborrheic dermatitis of the scalp in adults)
Crusting and scaling rash on scalp (babies with Seborrheic dermatitis, or cradle cap)

Most cases of dandruff do not require a visit to the doctor. However, those who still find themselves scratching their scalp, if parts of the scalp become red or swollen, after a few weeks of self-treatment should see their doctor. The person may have severe seborrheic dermatitis or another condition that has dandruff symptoms.

What causes dandruff?

The exact cause of seborrheic dermatitis is unknown. Most experts do know, though, that it is not caused by poor hygiene.

-Not enough hair brushing - People who do not comb/brush their hair regularly have a slightly higher risk of having dandruff - this is because they are not aiding the shedding of skin that combing/brushing provides.

-Yeast - People who are sensitive to yeast have a slightly higher risk of having dandruff, so it is logical to assume that yeast may play a part. Yeast-sensitive people who get dandruff find that it gets better during the warmer months and worse during the winter. UVA light from the sun counteracts the yeast. Some say, though, that during winter the skin is drier because of cold air and overheated rooms (exposure to extreme temperatures), making dandruff more likely. So, it is sometimes not that easy to know whether it is yeast or just dry skin.

-Dry skin - people with dry skin tend to get dandruff more often. Winter cold air, combined with overheated rooms is a common cause of itchy, flaking skin. People with dandruff caused by dry skin tend to have small flakes of dandruff; the flakes are not oily.
Seborrheic dermatitis (irritated, oily skin) - People with seborrheic dermatitis are very prone to dandruff. Seborrheic dermatitis affects many areas of the skin, including the backs of the ears, the breastbone, eyebrows, and the sides of the nose, not just the scalp. The patient will have red, greasy skin covered with flaky white or yellow scales.

-Not enough shampooing - some people say that if you don't shampoo enough there can be a buildup of oil and dead skin cells, causing dandruff. However, many experts doubt this is true.
Certain skin conditions - People with psoriasis, eczema and some other skin disorders tend to get dandruff much more frequently than other people.

-Some illnesses - Adults with Parkinson's disease and some other neurological illnesses are more prone to having dandruff and seborrheic dermatitis. Patients recovering from heart attacks and strokes, and some people with weak immune systems may have dandruff more often than other people.

-Reaction to hair/skin care products - Some people react to some hair care products with a red, itchy, scaling scalp. Many experts say that shampooing too often may cause dandruff as it can irritate the scalp.

-Malassezia - Malassezia is a fungus that lives on everybody's scalp. Generally, it will cause no problems at all. However, it can grow out of control. It feeds on the oils our hair follicles secrete. When this happens the scalp can become irritated and produces extra skin cells. These extra skin cells die and fall off; they mix with the oil from the hair and scalp, and turn into what we see as dandruff.

-Diet - Some experts say that people who do not consume enough foods that contain zinc, B vitamins, and some types of fats are more prone to dandruff.

-Mental stress - Experts believe there is a link between stress and many skin problems.

-HIV - A study found that 10.6% of people with HIV have seborrheic dermatitis.

Complications

A person with dandruff or seborrheic dermatitis will hardly every experience complications. If one were to occur, it would more likely to be caused by one of the dandruff treatments. If you find one of your dandruff shampoos, or scalp treatments is causing irritation, stop using it and ask your pharmacist to suggest another one.

Bacteria can get in under your skin if there is a break on the skin of the scalp. If this happens, and you feel unwell, or that area of skin is red, tender and swollen, go and see your doctor.

BREAST GROWTH ENHANCER

Breast Growth Enhancer


(Stana Vriddhikar And Stana Dadhyakar Yoga)

There are few herbal formulations described in Ayurveda, which are specifically used for proper development of breast and tightening of it; e.g.

Methi modaka
Saubhagya sunthi
Mundi tailam and Munditail nasyam
Maricadyam tailam
Dadimadyam tailam
Ksirparni tailam

BEAUTY MANAGEMENT IN AYURVEDA

Beauty Management through Ayurveda

Diet and nutrition
Intake of a balanced diet in terms of nutrients as well as physical form,and its proper digestion and assimilation in the body so that it can nourish all the parts of body to give rise to a healthy body and hence healthy appearance is emphasized in Ayurveda. Since,skin reflects the health of a person, it cannot look healthy and beautiful unless it is properly nourished.

Mode of life
Regular cleansing of body both internal and external as well as of mind (through meditation) helps clear up the toxins of internal as well as external environment along with some toning up procedures for body and skin like regular physical exercise yogasanas (specific body postures),body massage,facial massage,foot massage also enhance the beauty.

Through Social behavior
By following Acara Rasayana one can enjoy positive social life and hence also pleasant psyche.As,good social conduct develops good social atmosphere around a person and this helps keeping positive state of mind as well as social surrounding.In the absence of it person remains tensed leading to vitiation of Vata giving rise to dull and lustreless face, various abnormal presentations like early graying of hair.

Rasayana(Health promoting drugs or measures)
They enhance the quality to each and every tissue of the body bringing about clarity of complexion excellence of lustre,optimum strength of physique, promote growth of hair,make every tissue more enduring towards external pollution and increase their strength and beauty.

Specific Measures For Enhancement Of Different Aspects Of Beauty
There are several topics related to beautification in Ayurveda of which following are described briefly :

1. Skin Care (Varnya)
Varnya is the group of drugs, which have complexion promoting action
Useer(Vetiveria zizanioides)
Sveta candana(Santalum album)
KumKum(Crocus sativus)
Ketaki(Pandanus odorotissimus)
Punnaga(Calophyllum inophyllum)
Padmaka(Prunus cerasoides)
Madhuka(Glycyrrhiza glabra)
Manjistha(Rubia cordifolia)
Sariva(Hamidesmus indicus)
Payasya(Ipomoea digitata)
Sita(Cynodon dactylon)
Haridra(Curcuma longa)
In Indian tradition,use of various ointments (lepa) is in customs.Certain herbs and pulses are grinded with simple addition of milk, water or rose water and a face pack is made for promoting complexion.

2. Hair Care (Kesya)
Kesya is the group of herbs and animal products, which have beneficial action on the hair in terms of their length, strength and texture.e.g. Bhringaraj(Eclipta alba),Hasti danta masi(Ash of elephant ivory),Narikela (Cocos nucifera).

3. Hair Dye(Kesa Ranjana)
Hair dyes are very popular since ancient times. Following are well described in Ayurveda
Bhringaraj(Eclipta alba)
SikaKai(Acacia concinna)
Ritha(Sapindus trifoliatus)
Nilini(Indigofera tinctoria)
Amalaki(Emblica officinalis)

4. Eye Care (Netra Prasadana)
Eyes are very important from cosmetic point of view and in Ayurveda there is mention of use of 5 types of collyrium (anjana) to increase the beauty of it.

5. Herbs For Acne(Yuvana Pidika Nasana)
Acne is effectively treated by many herbal formulations. e.g. local application of paste of
Vaca(Acorus calamus),Lodhra(Symplocos racemosa),Saindhava(Rock salt) and Sarsapa (Brassica compestris)

Dhaniya(Coriandrum sativum),Vaca(Acorus calamus),Lodhra(Symplocos racemosa)and Kustha(Saussurea lappa)

Narikel manjari(Twig of Cocos nucifera) and Vata patra(Ficus benghalensis)

Gorocana(Bovine gall stone/Bezoar) and black pepper

Salmali Kantak(Thorn of Salmalia malabarica)

Post inflammatory scars also get cleared by them.

6. Foot Care (Vipadikahara Yoga)
Vipadika (Rhagades)is a disease of palm and sole in which there are many crack marks along their edges.These are effectively treated by vipadikahara taila (an ointment).

7. Deodorants (gandha Dravya)
There are certain herbs, which are used for fragrance and to avoid foul body odour e.g
Sveta candana (Santalum album)
Kumkuma(Crocus sativus)
Distilled products of Rose, Jasmine(Mongra) etc.
These are applied in the form of paste (Alepa) or Arka (Perfumes) over the body.

8. Breast Growth Enhancer (Stana Vriddhikar And Stana Dadhyakar Yoga)
There are few herbal formulations described in Ayurveda, which are specifically used for proper development of breast and tightening of it; e.g.
Methi modaka
Saubhagya sunthi
Mundi tailam and Munditail nasyam
Maricadyam tailam
Dadimadyam tailam
Ksirparni tailam

9. Removal Of Post Pregnancy Stretch Marks (Kikkisa Hara Yoga)
Post pregnancy marks are also a very embarrassing problem for women and to remove it Ayurveda describes few pastes for local application;e.g.
Sveta candana (Santalum album) and mrinala(Nelumbium nuciferum)
Dhataki(Woodfordia fruticosa),Sirisa(Albizia lebbeck), Sarsapa (Brassica campestris) and Usira(Vetiveria zizanioides)
Irrigation of breast and abdomen by decoction of Patola(Tricosanthes dioica), Nimba(Azadirachta indica), Manjistha(Rubia cordifolia) and Surasa (Ocimum sanctum).

10. Cosmetic Correction Of Scar Tissue
The healing of wound always takes place by formation of scar tissue, and some times this scar tissue may lead to bad look when formed over exposed body parts. Susruta the ancient surgeon of India propounded eight unique measures to combat this as given below:
(i) Utsadana – means ‘elevating depressed wounds’ by applying the paste of Apamarga (Achyranthes aspera),Asvgandha(Withania somnifera) with clarified butter and should be taken in diet flesh of carnivorous animals.
(ii) Avsadana – means ‘depressing the raised wounds’ by applying paste of Kasisa(Ferrous sulphate) with honey.
(iii) Mridu karana means ‘softening of the hard wounds’ by blood-letting, unction with warm salty drugs.
(iv) Daruni Karana – means ‘hardening of the soft wounds’ by applying the paste of Dhava(Anogeissus latifolia),Asoka(Saraca asoca),Priyangu(Callicarpa macrophylla),Rohini (Soymida febrifuga),Triphala (three fruits of Emblica officinalis,Terminalia chebula,Terminalia bellerica),Dhataki flowers (Woodfordia fruticosa),Lodhra (Symplocos racemosa)Sarjarasa (Exudate of Vateria indica).
(v) Krishni Karana – means ‘Blackening of the white scar tissue’ by use of Bhallataka oil(Semicarpus anacardium)mixed with ash of hoofs of domestic and marshy animals.
(vi) Pandu Karma – means ‘whitening of the black scar tissue’ by applying paste of Rohini fruit (Soymida febrifuga)with goat's milk or by applying powder of new earthen ware, roots of Vidula(Barringtonia acutangula) and sarja (Exudates of Vateria indica),Kasisa(Ferrous sulphate) and Madhuka (Madhuca indica) with honey.
(vii) Roma Sanjanana – means ‘enhancing growth of hairs on bare areas’ by applying paste of Ash of elephant tusk and rasanjana.
(viii) Roma Satana – (Depilatory),means removing hairs from unwanted places by applying paste of conch shell,orpiment and sour gruel or Bhallataka oil(Semicarpus anacardium) with latex of Snuhi (Euphorbia neriifolia).

11. Sandhana vidhi (Cosmetic Surgical Correction)
Susruta, for the first time, explained the techniques of surgical correction (Plastic surgery) of injured and amputated body parts like nose, ear and lips,and the cosmetic correction of developmentally malformed.